The Cold Blood and The Outsider

The Cold Blood and The Outsider The Cold Blood and The Outsider Presentation Authors of books mean to make remarkable comprehension about issues that are critical to them or to their perspectives as a person. It couldn't be denied that some way or another, this reality is characterized through the formation of improved realities that are introduced by journalists through the aesthetic utilization of words and sentences that immediate the perusers towards the fundamental message that they are expecting to make and send to their intended interest group. Essentially, the essayists pick their subjects, make their topics and deal with the plot as per what they really need to depict through the narratives. In this conversation, an examination of two stories that indicates the formation of situations dependent on fiction and genuine occasions in life will be dealt with in a point of demonstrating how the said story writers planned to comprehend what they know and put matters into immaculate composing that could demand the chance of making implicative notes on how the perusers might see the more profound importance of every introduction that they make through the plot. Alongside this, taking into account that both the readings being examined depend on criminal subjects, the psychoanalytic analysis will likewise be concentrated on regarding the issue being considered as the primary focal point of the journalists in taking on the situation of their characters in confronting the challenges of living and seeming well and good out of the most significant making of their being. About the Outsider The Outsider which was wrote by Albert Camus utilizes a character that can withstand human feelings. The character was noted to be an existentialist, is acted like somebody who isn't pestered of the past and thinks just about whats present. It could be noticed that inside this story, a demonstrative comprehension of what an individual thinks about and what he couldn't care less about fills the character that he has towards the others. It appeared as though Camus expected to introduce human living to be a reckless condition of understanding that essentially identifies with the need of making ordering contemplations from the current enthusiastic remaining of an individual. The thought is that the way toward deduction directs the manner in which one responds to the things that he has done or would do even now. With the utilization of innovative introduction of the plot and the remaining of the primary character in responding to the present circumstances that he has been under from his past towards the occasions that he is managing at present, the creator had the option to isolate the comprehension of the principle character towards his passionate choices at present which are not at all identified with the ways by which he responded before regarding a similar circumstance. Making a lot of what an individual thinks and how one responds to the various circumstances in life makes this story a read that presents a more inside and out connection to how people now and then react to wrongdoing because of the lesser consideration that they have on what has occurred previously and how those past occasions could in any case be fixed through doing great today. What has been done has been done; indeed, a few people who are thoughtless about the outcomes of what they are doing and how these could influence what's to come are typically the ones who are less ready to show any condemn on themselves when they are approached to think back to their past and basically make answers for an inappropriate doings that they may have brought about previously. About the Story In Cold Blood In light of genuine occasions that occurred in the mid n1960s, it couldn't be precluded that the setting from claiming the story is introduced such that the general public experienced their lives previously. The occasion considered inside this story is the homicide case that includes two crooks and the entire family that they focused on in any event, when they were still in jail. The writer introduced the circumstance in a way that presented a significant thought on how the job of the significant character has been discharged for comprehension with respect to the perusers. This story for all intents and purposes developed on the event of a homicide that the two fundamental characters have been associated with. In any case, rather than making a puzzle introduction, the portrayal proposed to show the various purposes for the event of issues. It couldn't be denied that it is a result of this that the story clarifies better comprehension of the wellsprings of the wrongdoing than just expressing how the wrongdoing occurred. Through a mental introduction on the relationship that the primary characters have between one another, it could be perceived how the various activities of distinguishing why the issues happened the manner in which they deed clarifies the response of the two characters towards the circumstances that they are confronting. Through the introduction of subtleties utilized in this story, it could be noticed how the writer figured out how to show the various components of wrongdoing and how the various places of hoodlums have been planned for peruser understanding. Likely, through this the writer had the option to tell the perusers of his message in an all the more persuading and sensible introduction of the issues worried inside the plot and the characters that makes the entire occasion that orders the various issues that are included the various circumstances that are extensively full of feeling on the occasions that are figured out how to realize the clarification of the occasions. Understanding the Issues of Personality and Growth The degree of development of each individual characterizes their character. The improvement that one grasps with respects their response towards the significant circumstances that he figures out how to manage really appear through the way that he reacts to the difficulties of life. In brain research, this improvement is considered as the significant wellspring of understanding that considers the opportunity of having a decent effect on how one grows by and by as a person who realizes how to offset his feelings with his considerations. Then again, there are as yet those people who are less ready to make a distinct reaction to the circumstances that they face. Now and then, these people do not have the understanding that they should have the option to make something happen for the advancement of the circumstance for the advancement of every individual. The vast majority of those people who are taking care of the various difficulties that life itself presents neglect to see the better consequences of the circumstances dependent on the conceivable result of these difficulties on their own lives. On account of the absence of constructive way to deal with managing individual issues, these individuals discharge their pressure and their repercussions in a progressively negative manner because of the absence of coherent thinking that they have towards the circumstances that they are confronting each day. Inside the narratives being investigated, it could be noticed that the advancement of the principle characters have been for all intents and purposes influenced by their past, their character and their comprehension of life. Basically, through this understanding it could be seen that there are various responses that are fundamental for the differential recognizable proof of the character of one individual dependent on the technique of acknowledgment that he acknowledges as he figures out how to consider the diverse indication of learning with respects the encounters that they have most likely met with throughout everyday life. Through these exercises learnt, it could be seen that they can build up a comprehension of their situation as they attempt their best to turn into the individual that they need to be as they manage their current issues. Be that as it may, when antagonism and absence of comprehension is concentrated on, it couldn't be denied that negative outcomes could likewise be normal. This is particularly evident when the examination on the significant issues encompassing the characters of the previous two stories analyzed in this is concerned. In the accompanying area of this conversation, a comprehension of the diverse psychoanalytic rules that had been utilized by the creators inside the story will be given consideration thus. The Involvement of Psychoanalytic Criticism Psychoanalytic analysis includes the ID of the mental thought that the narrators consider to depict the character of their characters and the procedure by which they handle the most significant issues throughout their life as a component of their turn of events. Conceivably, with the thought of the standing that they have regarding their past activities and how they should deal with similar difficulties at present. On the principal story considering Meursault, it could be seen that his character was characterized to have some differential comprehension of the past and how these occasions throughout his life influences his present acknowledgment of issues. It could be noted then that some way or another, through this Mersault supposedly had a lesser worry on how his past demonstrations influenced the individuals who were living around him. Thus, he never gains from these encounters and afterward will in general recurrent these demonstrations in his present frameworks of managing matters. Then again, the two hoodlums in the story The Cold Blood, reacted to their accomplices activities dependent on the relationship that they have partaken previously. In a similar spot, the two people utilized their enthusiastic relationship as key motivations to push their accomplice towards doing what they think ought to be finished. The impact of each on the other made the conditions that they have been associated with regarding the improvement of the case. Honestly, it is through this that the various issues on human character and the responses that they have towards the conditions that they have to manage ordinary. For all intents and purposes, it could be seen that they have based their thought in the present push of their feelings and less consideration towards the present circumstances that they are managing. With this lesser consideration given to the outcomes of their demonstrations, it could be overseen and surely known that by one way or another, the characters were characterized perfec

English Essay – Indian Camp

English Essay †Indian Camp The progress from kid to grown-up can be an unpleasant procedure. Now and again an extreme encounter needs to happen for the change to occur. A gathering with the fundamental states of life, and with that the hover of life, can much of the time be a trigger for the progress from kid to man. In this short story the progress is connected to the division among civilisation and nature, civilisation commanding nature. In the short story â€Å"Indian Camp† by Ernest Hemingway, there is where a kid meets a characteristic environment.The result is that an inclination of prevalence towards nature is made. The creator of the content spotlights on what effect seeing life and passing can have on a child’s mind. The gathering with life and demise is viewed as a supporter of picking up adulthood. The creator depicts a boy’s advancement as coming about because of a solid encounter. The short story is organized as a fantasy with a home-out-home st ructure. With that is implied that he begins in an agreeable spot and afterward goes on an excursion and afterward returns. In the content the agreeable spot is the vessel and the excursion is to the island were the Indians live.In that way Nick begins as one individual, and after the excursion masters something that makes him an alternate individual. In a manner the structure underlines the topic, since it causes you concentrating on the change. The kid named Nick begins his advancement toward adulthood in the content. He starts as a delicate kid who relies upon his dad and winds up as an autonomous and certain youngster. The change can be seen in numerous distinctions in Nick in the beginning and the closure of the content. Before all else he depends on the help of his dad where at long last he is fine without anyone else. â€Å"Nick lay back with his father’s arm around him. †¦. â€Å"They were situated in the pontoon. Scratch in the harsh, his dad rowing† In the short story Nick deals with the hover of life. He encounters both life and demise, which causes him to grow up. To comprehend life you have to have seen demise. Notwithstanding that, Nick additionally gets the image of civilisation commanding nature. That is appeared through the dad who really changes the course of two persons’ lives. The Indian lady and the unborn youngster would have kicked the bucket on the off chance that it had not been for his dad. In this manner his dad secures a divine status, which prompts the vague closure: He felt very sure that he could never die† It isn't evident whether â€Å"he† alludes to Nick or to the dad. It may be them two, expecting that Nick has seen how you can command nature. As recently referenced, the closure uncovers a few changes among when the experience. The consummation shows that Nick builds up a comprehension of life and demise. A distinction in nature is that they show up at night and return in the first part of the day. It tends to be deciphered as though the night speaks to the completion of his adolescence and the morning the beginning of his adulthood.Also, the night is identified with nature, and with that the occasions in the Indian camp. At the point when the sun rises and the light gets through they come back to civilisation. In that manner civilisation is connected to light. The night and day topic underlines the change from a guileless boy’s absence of comprehension to a youngster grappling with the nuts and bolts of life and civilisation. What's more, we see an adjustment in the earth. It begins as melancholy and completes as something agreeable. â€Å"The two vessels began in obscurity. Scratch heard the oarlocks of the other pontoon a serious path in front of them in the fog. †¦. â€Å" The sun was coming up over the slopes. A bass hopped, making a hover in the water. † The adjustment in nature is a pointer of what lies ahead. The night condition represe nts demise and the obscure. The morning speaks to a passageway to adulthood. The bass creation a hover in the water is an image of the hover of life. Scratch sees the hover toward the finish of the content, and that is indication of him currently having seen and potentially got life and demise. â€Å"A bass bounced, making a hover in the water. † The hover of life is portrayed in two ways.On the one hand, the baby’s birth and the dad’s passing structure portions of the hover of life. At the point when somebody is conceived another person kicks the bucket. Then again we see that when the child enters the world, and with that the beginning periods of life, Nick leaves the beginning periods of life. This implies the circle additionally says that when someone enters another phase of life another person leaves it, exemplified by the new-conceived child and Nick. The short story is set among the â€Å"savages†, which is an ideal put in to comprehend the normal request of life. It happens in an Indian town and in that way shows nature as unadulterated as it is.The progress from kid to man, and with that the comprehension of life, must be found in a situation that underlines the essential states of life. With that the creator really says that to see how nature capacities you need to leave the ordinary humanized life. To summarize, the creator figures out how to portray the change from kid to man because of meeting the hover of life. Moreover, he problematizes acculturated society and in this way shows you can't comprehend the genuine idea of civilisation without seeing its inverse; nature. English Essay †Indian Camp English Essay †Indian Camp The change from youngster to grown-up can be a harsh procedure. Now and again an extreme encounter needs to happen for the change to occur. A gathering with the essential states of life, and with that the hover of life, can much of the time be a trigger for the change from kid to man. In this short story the change is connected to the polarity among civilisation and nature, civilisation ruling nature. In the short story â€Å"Indian Camp† by Ernest Hemingway, there is where a kid meets a characteristic environment.The result is that an inclination of predominance towards nature is made. The creator of the content spotlights on what effect seeing life and passing can have on a child’s mind. The gathering with life and demise is viewed as a supporter of picking up adulthood. The creator depicts a boy’s advancement as coming about because of a solid encounter. The short story is organized as a fantasy with a home-out-home structure. W ith that is implied that he begins in an agreeable spot and afterward goes on an excursion and afterward returns. In the content the agreeable spot is the vessel and the excursion is to the island were the Indians live.In that way Nick begins as one individual, and after the excursion gets the hang of something that makes him an alternate individual. In a manner the structure underlines the topic, since it encourages you concentrating on the change. The kid named Nick begins his improvement toward adulthood in the content. He starts as a delicate kid who relies upon his dad and winds up as an autonomous and certain youngster. The change can be seen in numerous distinctions in Nick in the beginning and the closure of the content. To start with he depends on the help of his dad where at long last he is fine without anyone else. â€Å"Nick lay back with his father’s arm around him. †¦. â€Å"They were situated in the pontoon. Scratch in the harsh, his dad rowing† In the short story Nick grapples with the hover of life. He encounters both life and passing, which causes him to grow up. To comprehend life you have to have seen demise. Notwithstanding that, Nick additionally gets the image of civilisation ruling nature. That is appeared through the dad who really changes the course of two persons’ lives. The Indian lady and the unborn youngster would have kicked the bucket in the event that it had not been for his dad. Thusly his dad gains a supernatural status, which prompts the equivocal consummation: He felt very sure that he could never die† It isn't evident whether â€Å"he† alludes to Nick or to the dad. It may be them two, expecting that Nick has seen how you can rule nature. As recently referenced, the closure uncovers a few changes among when the experience. The completion shows that Nick builds up a comprehension of life and passing. A distinction in the earth is that they show up at night and return toward the beginn ing of the day. It very well may be deciphered as though the night speaks to the consummation of his adolescence and the morning the beginning of his adulthood.Also, the night is identified with nature, and with that the occasions in the Indian camp. At the point when the sun rises and the light gets through they come back to civilisation. In that manner civilisation is connected to light. The night and day subject underlines the change from a credulous boy’s absence of comprehension to a youngster grappling with the nuts and bolts of life and civilisation. Likewise, we see an adjustment in the earth. It begins as desolate and completes as something amicable. â€Å"The two vessels began in obscurity. Scratch heard the oarlocks of the other vessel a significant route in front of them in the fog. †¦. â€Å" The sun was coming up over the slopes. A bass hopped, making a hover in the water. † The adjustment in the earth is a marker of what lies ahead. The night condi tion represents passing and the obscure. The morning speaks to a passageway to adulthood. The bass creation a hover in the water is an image of the hover of life. Scratch sees the hover toward the finish of the content, and that is indication of him currently having seen and potentially got life and demise. â€Å"A bass hopped, making a hover in the water. † The hover of life is portrayed in two ways.On the one hand, the baby’s birth and the dad’s passing structure portions of the hover of life. At the point when somebody is conceived another person kicks the bucket. Then again we see that when the child enters the world, and with that the beginning times of life, Nick leaves the beginning times of life. This implies the circle likewise says that whe

Importance of Interpretation of Dreams by Sigmund Freud

Importance of Interpretation of Dreams by Sigmund Freud History and Biographies Print The Interpretation of Dreams by Sigmund Freud History and Significance By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Updated on October 07, 2019 Hulton Archive/Getty Images More in Psychology History and Biographies Psychotherapy Basics Student Resources Theories Phobias Emotions Sleep and Dreaming If you are interested in Sigmund Freud or dream interpretation, this is a must-have text for your collection. As one of Freuds earliest books, the theories, ideas and case studies described within The Interpretation of Dreams helped set the stage for psychoanalytic theory.?? Why The Interpretation of Dreams Is Important The Interpretation of Dreams is the classic text on dream analysis and interpretation.  Freud introduces many key concepts that would later become central to the theory of psychoanalysis. The book also emphasizes the role of the unconscious mind, which is one of the underlying principles of  Freudian psychology.?? Pros and Cons Pros The classic text on the subject Freuds writing is engaging and intriguing Case studies allow a look at his psychoanalytic work Cons Research lacks scientific rigor Many ideas not substantiated by current research Theories havent fared well over time The History Behind the Book When Freud famously started analyzing himself, he used his dreams quite frequently in the process. Always a vivid dreamer, Freud had by this time also noticed the impact of dreams on his patients, including psychotic patients whose hallucinations were similar to dreams. Between his own experience and that of his patients, he concluded that dreams are almost always expressions of unfulfilled wishes.?? Believing sincerely in the importance of dreams and realizing no one had written much, if anything, about the subject, Freud spent two years writing The Interpretation of Dreams.  Originally published in German under the title  Die Traumdeutung  in 1900, initial sales of  the book  were slow and disappointing and largely ignored by the scientific community. By 1910, Freuds other work was becoming well-known and so the book became more popular. It was translated into English and Russian in 1913 and six more languages by 1938. Seven more editions were also printed during his lifetime. Historical Significance Freud was an incredibly prolific writer, publishing more than 320 different books, articles, and essays. Out of this impressive body of work, Freud described The Interpretation of Dreams as his personal favorite as well as his most significant contribution to the understanding of human thought.?? [It] contains… the most valuable of all the discoveries it has been my good fortune to make. Insight such as this falls to ones lot but once in a lifetime, he explained. The Interpretation of Dreams stands as a unique and classic work in the history of psychology. No matter what you may think of Sigmund Freud’s psychological theories, the cultural impact and historical importance of this book are without question. For those interested in dream research, this book serves as an excellent introduction to many of Freuds major ideas. The book outlines his belief that dreams are highly symbolic, containing both overt meanings, called  manifest content,  and underlying, unconscious thoughts, known as  latent content. Dreams, he suggested, are our unconscious wishes in disguise.?? Despite Freud’s tendency to over-generalize, his lack of scientific evidence, his overemphasis on sex, and his frequently chauvinistic viewpoints, this seminal work remains important in the history of psychology. The Interpretation of Dreams marked the beginning of ?psychoanalysis and is a fascinating text revealing Freud’s unique talent as a writer and ambitious theorist.??

A List of Iron Alloys and Steel

This is a list of iron alloys. Included are various types of iron and steel. Steel (carbon)Stainless steel (chromium, nickel)AL-6XNAlloy 20CelestriumMarine-grade stainless steelMartensitic stainless steelSurgical stainless steel (chromium, molybdenum, nickel)Silicon steel (silicon)Tool steel (tungsten or manganese)Bulat steelChromoly (chromium, molybdenum)Crucible steelDamascus steelHSLA steelHigh-speed steelMaraging steelReynolds 531Wootz steelIronAnthracite iron (carbon)Cast iron (carbon)Pig iron (carbon)Wrought iron (carbon)Fernico (nickel, cobalt)Elinvar (nickel, chromium)Invar (nickel)Kovar (cobalt)Spiegeleisen (manganese, carbon, silicon)FerroalloysFerroboronFerrochrome (chromium)FerromagnesiumFerromanganeseFerromolybdenumFerronickelFerrophosphorusFerrotitaniumFerrovanadiumFerrosilicon

Online Paper Help - Overview

Online Paper Help - Overview Online Paper Help Help! All you have to do is make your purchase! Basically, it assists the writer organize their ideas and appropriately place the researched information in the proper section. Ordering term paper writing help could possibly be huge alternative, especially when you haven't done it before. If you need assistance in making the outline then it is possible to secure the exact same kind of assistance that was just described for formatting. The War Against Online Paper Help Research paper writing service is a great choice. For this reason, you'll have an opportunity to perform good research and share your point of view on the subject. View How it Works for an extensive view of our expert services. Why don't you drop in today and let our crew of experts assist you with your research papers. The Meaning of Online Paper Help You may purchase research paper when you need and wherever you're. Each paper must be written coherently and properly in case you wish to acquire high marks. If you are in need of a superb research paper we can assist you out, specify each detail and that's it. It can be quite daunting writing your very first research paper even the paper outline can appear impossible. You will get your paper in a couple of days (or even hours if you want it very soon). If you wish to make an order, don't leave it until the past several days before you're to submit the paper! Listed here are the principal reasons why you're at the very best spot to purchase term paper. Hence you get a suitable paper help from them who don't waste time after they've got the request. The academic level you're working on is also an additional determinant of your paper's price. Whether you require an urgent term paper written or you desire a range of articles on any subject, a web-based paper help site can deliver what you will need for an affordable price in a fairly speedy moment. Not all on-line helpers will supp ly you with the quality you have earned. Then abruptly you could be illuminated. In many instances, it's not even about form. With our assistance, you can receive all the customized paper help you demand. Just don't forget that the safest means is to use examples and samples as intended. You should make it convincing. Ordering research papers writing help on the internet can be tricky. Using all of the evidence and on the grounds of the guidelines, the students may accept or reject the hypothesis. Buying term papers with us are definitely the most achievable option which you've as at now. Our rates are affordable for most students. The majority of the moment, the expression paper is employed in grading students which means that whatever grade you will score on it'll greatly impact your general grade at the close of the semester. You need to understand the precise place to purchase college term paper. So as to request exactly the same writer who did the totally free r esearch paper you liked, and give him your assignment to finish, you may visit our enormous database that has the profiles for each and every freelance writer with whom we cooperate. Choose our essay writing service to receive just what you want. When you purchase an essay from us, you're guaranteed to relish individual approach because essay help offered by our writers is always customized based on your requirements. You need to follow along with essay writing structure. Choosing online essay writers isn't a nightmare anymore. Among the very first things you wish to consult the online essay writing company is the experience and understanding of the writer. After reading the thesis, there ought to be no doubt precisely what the research will be about. Asking for writing help isn't only advisable, but in addition an absolutely natural choice. Get the Scoop on Online Paper Help Before You're Too Late A lot of people understand the things that they desire. On-line case study help from ChiefEssays has several benefits you will love. Every next order offers you bonuses and you're welcome to use them as real dollars to cover your orders! Placing an order is quite easy, and should you face any complications, our support folks will help figure out all them. At any time you give in a customized research paper to your teacher you've got from a custom made research paper business that has presented a plagiarized custom made research paper, your instructor is likely to bar you for your academic deceit. You can't be a helping hand in case you don't understand what you're doing.

Interview with an Older Adult Free Essays

Virginia Western Community College Practical Nursing Program Spring 2013 NUR 135-PN Drug Dosage Calculation Review of Problem Areas Reconstitution of Non-injectable Solutions Prepare the following nutritional solutions for the designated time period. 1. Order: 1/2 strength Isomil 6 oz. We will write a custom essay sample on Interview with an Older Adult or any similar topic only for you Order Now p. o. q4h for 24 hours. How much formula and water will you use to prepare a 24-hour supply of feeding? 2. Order: 1/2 strength Ensure 8 oz via nasogastric tube to be given over 8 hrs. How much formula and water will you use to prepare this feeding? 3. Order:1/4 strength Jevity 300 mL via G-tube q6h. How much formula and water is needed to prepare enough feeding for your 8-hour shift? 4. Order: 400 mL of 1/4 strength Ensure over 6 hours via nasogastric tube. Supply: Ensure 240 mL cans. How much formula and water is needed to prepare this feeding? 5. Order: Irrigate wound with 50 mL of 1/2 strength hydrogen peroxide and normal saline q4h while awake. How much hydrogen peroxide and NS will you use to prepare this solution for each treatment? 6. Order: 1/2 strength Ensure 16 ounces by gastrostomy tube over 4 hrs. Add ________mL of Ensure and ______mL of water to make the desired solution. 7. Order: 3/4 strength Sustacal 400 mL p. . q. i. d. Add _________mL of Sustacal and ______mL of water to make the desired solution. IV Calculations 1. Order: 500 mL NS IV to infuse @ 250 mL/hr. The IV tubing has a drop factor of 10 gtt/mL. You do not have an IV pump available. Calculate the drops per min you would set this IV to run. 2. Order: 1 L of O. 9% NaCl IV to infuse over 6 hours. You will use a microdrop set to administer the IV fluid. What is the flow rate in gtts/min? 3. Order: 1000 mL 0. 45% NaCl to infuse over 12 hours. At what flow rate will you set the infusion pump? 4. Order: Kefzol 1. 5 g IV PB diluted in 100 mL D5W to infuse in 20 min. You are using a 10 drop/mL set. What is the flow rate in gtt/min? 5. Order: Ancef 2 g in 100 mL D5W IVPB in 30 min to be administered by infusion pump. At what rate do you set the infusion pump? Pediatric Dosage 1. Order: Phenobarbital 45 mg p. o. b. i. d. Child’s weight 35 lb. Recommended dosage is 6 mg/kg/day q12h Supply dosage: Phenobarbital 50 mg/mL How many milliliters should be given per q12h dose? _________ 2. Gentamicin 45 mg IV q8h is ordered for a child weighing 45 lb. Recommended dosage is 6 to 7. 5 mg/kg/day in three divided dosages. The available supply of gentamicin is 100 mg/mL. How many mL of gentamicin should be given per dose? __________ 3. Order: Penicillin VK 56 mg/kg/day p. o. in 4 divided doses Child’s weight is 55 lbs. Available: Penicillin VK 125 mg/5 mL How many milliliters should be given per dose? _________ 4. Order: Rocephin 200 mg q8h p. o. Supply: Rocephin 500 mg/mL Recommended dosage is 75-150 mg/kg per day Child weighs 15. 4 lb Is this a safe order? If safe, how many milliliters should be given per dose? _________ 5. Order: SoluMedrol 1. 5 mg/kg is ordered for a child weighing 74. 8 lbs. Supply: SoluMedrol 125 mg/2 mL How many milliliters should the nurse administer? ________ Reconstitution of Injectable Solutions 1. Order: Kefurox 0. 75 g IV q12h Available: [pic] a. How many milliliters of diluent will you add to reconstitute the solution? _____ b. How many milliliters will you administer? _____ 2. Order: Ancef 0. 275 g IM q6h (See label below. ) a. Reconstitute with _______mL diluent b. What is the dosage strength of the prepared so lution? _________ c. Give: ________ [pic] 3. Order: cefazolin 450 mg IM q. 8h (See label below. ) a. Reconstitute with ________mL diluent. b. What is the dosage strength of the prepared solution? __________ c. Give: _____________ pic] 4. Order: Penicillin G potassium 450,000 units IM at 7am Available: [pic] a. What is the total dosage strength of the vial? _____ b. Which concentration would be appropriate to mix for the ordered dose? _____ c. How much diluents must be added to make the appropriate concentration? _____ d. How many milliliters will you administer? ________ Conversions 1. gr v = ________mg 2. 15 mg = gr ________ 3. 40 mg = gr ________ 4. gr 1/5 = _______ mg 5. gr 1/150 = _______ mg 6. 50 mg = gr ________ 7. 5 lbs 12 ounces = ______kg 8. 18 lb = ________kg 9. 24. 2 kg = ________ lb 10. 6 lb 4 oz = ________kg How to cite Interview with an Older Adult, Papers

The Lawyer Review Essay Example

The Lawyer Review Paper Essay on The Lawyer Still, not everyone in the United States as well as we would like to believe. Just yesterday, reading a book, slightly dispels the pink mist over over Washington Lawyer by John Grisham. it is written clearly not for a pleasant evening of reading, and to lobby for a particular idea, and thereby received ideological and manufacturing novel about lawyers. The book describes how a successful lawyer, earning several hundred thousand dollars a year, together with his colleagues randomly it becomes a hostage armed with a pistol and explosives street vagrant. After a few hours spent by them in anticipation of the explosion and sudden death, the police release the hostages, killing the tramp. He did not have time to explain what he wanted. Then the lawyer decides to find it myself. And before it opens an abyss, into which fell and live with no hope to change something in my life for the better, hundreds of his compatriots. We are talking about people who have lost their first job, and then housing. (However, some of them from the very beginning up to the street, at the same homeless mothers, drug addicts and prostitutes). They feed in the free soup kitchens, occasionally spend the night in shelters, and mostly live on the street, even in the winter. While investigating who was a man, whose brains and blood after shooting a police sniper filled his face, the lawyer meets with his colleague in the profession, which is the money the charity fund protects the rights of these people:. the right to legal aid, benefits, pensions, etc. every year the army of officials in the field of social welfare is increasing, as a means to help disadvantaged decrease. In this indifference of bureaucrats to interfere with even the money that stand out, to reach the poorest Americans. We will write a custom essay sample on The Lawyer Review specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Lawyer Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Lawyer Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Often the indifference of society leads to a real tragedy. Lawyer taken to defend the rights of victims of post-mortem one such tragedy: mother and her four children suffocated in his sleep in the car, where they actually lived after them in the most severe winter time illegally and without warning thrown out of a tiny rented accommodation. To this end, a successful lawyer, the future companion of the company and the potential millionaire abruptly changes his life. Quits his job, steals from the office of the dossier, which reveals the background of dirty tragedy exposed the police and prosecuted by the former colleagues, but .. In general, I advise you to check out. Still, no matter how the author tried to portray the radical demolition of the fate of his hero, he is not quite happened. Yes, successful yuppies playfully refused to attribute a comfortable upper middle class life. He buys coffee and donuts inveterate drug addict, prostitute close to my heart takes its problems, pays out of pocket for her motel room, where she has to spend a few days in complete abstinence (this should be the first step to return to her son). But with all this, he still remains an American lawyer. A man for whom the first place to shake money from the enemy of his client. Children were killed, what difference how many millions will pay their relatives who never cared about them, a firm indirectly responsible for their deaths? Maybe spiritual fervor better spent on living? Or motive lawyer was to protect themselves from the punishment for stealing a key file in this matter, for which he was, after all, faces 10 years in prison? There are other points that cause confusion and suspicion that the author simply did not know how to promote the narrative, without disrupting the logic of events, therefore, I grasped at any grand piano in the bushes.

59 Great Medical Programs for High School Students + Advice

59 Great Medical Programs for High School Students + Advice SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Thinking about a career in medicine? I highly recommend trying out some medical experiences in high school before committing to a pre-med track. Many of my high school friends whohoped to go into medicine ended up changing their major duringcollege when the pre-med courses got too difficult. Doing a medicalinternship, summer program, or community service projectin high school can help you decide if medicine is the right track for you before you waste time and money goingpre-med in college.This guide will explainwhat experiences are open to you as a high school student, what those experiences involve, andhow youwill benefit from them. What Medical Experiences Are Available to High School Students? There are lots of ways to get a taste of it's like to work in medicine.In my opinion, the best time to do this is over the summer. You have the most free time during the summer, and there are more experiences available. There are many summer medical programs and summer medical internships for high school students across the country. These opportunities range from research experiences to in-hospital experiences. Some of these programs and internships charge you a fee to attend, some are paid for, and some even pay you to attend. I’ve compiled a list of over 50 summer medical programsfor high school students.Severalof these programs and internships are just for students from a specific state or area.Check specific programs for application requirements and fees. I've provided links to each program below. If you’d like to get experience during the school year (on weekends and after school), you should consider shadowing a doctor or volunteering at a hospital.I’ll discuss the details of volunteering and job shadowing later in the article. Want to build the best possible college application? We can help. PrepScholar Admissions is the world's best admissions consulting service. We combine world-class admissions counselors with our data-driven, proprietary admissions strategies. We've overseen thousands of students get into their top choice schools, from state colleges to the Ivy League. We know what kinds of students colleges want to admit. We want to get you admitted to your dream schools. Learn more about PrepScholar Admissions to maximize your chance of getting in. List of Summer Medical Programs for High School Students I've divided up the summer medical programs into three categories: Medical Programs, Medical Research Programs, and general Science Research Programs. Medical Programs In the medical programs category, I list programs that offer high school students the chance to get hands-on experience in medicine (non-research related) such aslearning simple medical procedures, watching surgeries, shadowing doctors, workingin hospitals, interacting with patients, and more. There are very few programs that offer this type of experience to high school students, and Ihighly recommend them since they'll give you the most realistic look atwhat life's like as a pre-medstudent,medical student, and medical professional. Program Host Institute/Hospital Location Cost Program Length High School Senior Summer Internship Program Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati, OH No cost. Interns are paid up to $1,368 8 weeks Medical Immersion Summer Academy Mentoring in Medicine and Science Oakland, CA $1,000 5 days Medicine Health Care Program National Student Leadership Council Various universities throughout the US $3,195- $3,495 9 days Stanford Medical Youth Science Program Stanford University Stanford, CA No cost 5 weeks Summer Medical Academy Rady Children's Hospital and UC San Diego San Diego, CA $2,450 12 days UPenn Medicine Summer Program for High School Students University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA $7,995-$8,510 4 weeks Medical Research Programs If you're unable to do one of the above medical programs, the next best thing is a medical research program. In these programs, you'll be working in a lab and helping with medical research that's in progress (i.e. looking at slides under a microscope, recording changes)or assisting with on-going clinical research (i.e. interviewing participants in an on-going trial of new medication, logging participant information in the computer). Many of these programs pair you with a mentor who works at your location. Also, several of these programs require you to give a presentation at the end of the program. These medical research programs are extremely valuable because, as a pre-med student, you'll likely end up doing lab work either for class or as an extracurricularforyour medical school application.If you do one of these programs in high school, you'll be a step ahead of your pre-med classmates. (One quick note: many of these programs are free or pay stipends, but not every program provides free housing. Make sure you check each program's housing accommodations before you apply!) Program Host Institute/Hospital Location Cost Program Length Summer Science Internship Program Arthritis Foundation California No cost. Interns are paid $1,500 7weeks Summer Scholars Biology Research Immersion Program Buck Institute for Research on Aging Novato, CA $2,500 8 weeks Disease Detective Camp Centers for Disease Control and Prevention CDC Atlanta, Georgia No cost 5 days Summer Child Health Research Internship Children's Hospital Colorado Aurora, CO No cost. Interns are paid $3,500 8 weeks Summer Research Program Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute Oakland, CA No cost 9 weeks Biomedical Research Internship for Minority Students Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati, OH No costs. Interns receive a stipend of up to $3,078 9 weeks City of Hope Cancer Center Eugene and Ruth Roberts Summer Student Academy Duarte, CA No cost. Students receive a stipend of $4,000 10 weeks Summer Experience for Students Coriell Institute for Medical Research Camden, NJ No cost. Students receive a stipend of $1,000 3.5 weeks Initiative to Eliminate Cancer Disparities, The Continuing Umbrella of Research Experiences CURE(Summer Only) Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center Boston, MA No cost. 8-12 weeks Summer Research Program Indiana University Cancer Center Indianapolis, IN No cost. 8weeks High School Summer Internship Program Magee Women's Research Institute Pittsburgh, PA No cost. 4 weeks Summer Research Internship Max Planck Florida Institute for Neuroscience Jupiter, FL No cost.Students are paid $.50/hour. 6 weeks Summer Internships for High School and College Students McLaughlin Research Institute Great Falls, MT No cost. 8 weeks High School Summer Program MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston, TX No cost. 6weeks Diversity Summer Enrichment Programs Medical College of Wisconsin Milwaukee, WI No cost. Students receive a stipendat the end of the program. 6 weeks Werner H. Kirsten Student Intern Program National Cancer Institute Frederick, MD No cost. Students receive a $3,600 stipend 8 weeks NEI Summer Intern Program National Eye Institute Bethesda, MD Rockville, MD No cost. Students receive a monthly stipend. 8-12 weeks Summer Internship Program in Biomedical Research NIH Bethesda, MD No cost. Students receive amonthly stipend of $1,930. minimum of 8 weeks Summer Student Program National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal Diseases Bethesda, MD No cost. Students receive amonthly stipend of $1,930. minimum 8 weeks National Institute on Drug Abuse: Summer Research with NIDA NIDA Various universities throughout the US No cost. Interns are paid $12 an hour. 8 weeks NIDDK Short-term Education Program for Underrepresented Persons STEP-UP - High School Program National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Bethesda, MD No cost. Students receive a stipend (amount varies) 8-10 weeks Summer Internship Program National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences Research Triangle Park, NC No cost. Students are paid per hour (salary varies) 8 weeks Summer Program in the Neurological Sciences National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke Bethesda, MD No cost. Students receive a stipend. minimum 8 weeks Summer Cancer Research Experience Program for High School Students Roswell Park Cancer Institute Buffalo, NY No cost.Limited, need-based stipends available. 7 weeks Stanford Institutes of Medicine Summer Research Program Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford, CA No cost. Students receive stipends from $500 to $1500 8 weeks Summer Student Program The Jackson Laboratory Bar Harbor, ME andFarmington, CT No cost. Students receive a stipend of $5,250 10 weeks Helios Scholars Program Translational Genomics Research Institute Phoenix, AZ No cost. Students are paid $10.50 an hour 8 weeks High School Student Research Apprentice Program University of Connecticut Health Center Farmington, CT $2,050minimum, with discounts for students who enroll in multiple sessions. 1-4 weeks Summer Cancer Research Internship for High School and Undergraduate Students University of Hawaii, Cancer Center Honolulu, HI No cost. Students are paid $10.60 an hour. 8weeks Summer Research Scholars Program University of Minnesota Medical School, Lillehei Heart Institute Minneapolis/St. Paul, MN No cost. Students receive a stipend of $3,000. 9 weeks Travis B. Lewis High School Scholarship Award Program University of Nebraska Medical Center, Department of Pharmacology Experimental Neuroscience Omaha, NE No cost. Students receive a stipend of $1,500. up to 10 weeks Biomedical Research Training for High School Students University of Texas Medical Branch Galveston, TX No cost. 8 weeks Summer Fellowship Program in Biomedical Research Wistar Institute Philadelphia, PA No cost. Students receive a stipend (amount varies). 8weeks Want to build the best possible college application? We can help. PrepScholar Admissions is the world's best admissions consulting service. We combine world-class admissions counselors with our data-driven, proprietary admissions strategies. We've overseen thousands of students get into their top choice schools, from state colleges to the Ivy League. We know what kinds of students colleges want to admit. We want to get you admitted to your dream schools. Learn more about PrepScholar Admissions to maximize your chance of getting in. Science Research Programs If you can't do one of the medical research or medical programs, you should consider trying to do a science summer program/internship. These programs are not medicine-specific and cover a wide range of science topics (from plant life to space). However, these programs are still very valuable because as a pre-med student, you'll be learning a ton ofscience. As a part of your pre-med track, you'll be required to take Biology, Chemistry, Biochemistry, Organic Chemistry, and more. Doing one of these science programs willgive you a preview of the coursework ahead of you. Also, many of these programs are lab work, and, although they're not focused on medical research, they will still give you good general insights into how to do lab work. As I said before,as a pre-med student, you'll likely end up doing lab work either for class or as an extracurricularforyour medical school application.If you do one of these programs, you'll bewell-prepared to do that research. Program Host Institute/Hospital Location Cost Program Length Plant Genome Internship Cornell University Boyce Thompson Institute Ithaca, NY No cost. Students receive a stipendof $1,050. 7weeks Aspiring Scientists Summer Internship Program George Mason University Fairfax, Virginia No cost. 8-10weeks Army Educational Outreach Programs Department of Defense Washington, DC Varies. Some scholarships and grants are available. Varies depending on program Internship Program J. Craig Venter Institute Rockville, MD No cost.Students are paid $13.00 an hour 8-12 weeks Maine Research Internships for Teachers and High School Students MERITS Maine Space Grant Consortium Augusta, ME No cost. Students earn a stipend (amount undisclosed). 6 weeks Research Science Institute Massachusetts Institute of Technology - MIT Cambridge, MA No cost. 5 weeks Monell Science Apprenticeship Program Monell Chemical Senses Center Philadelphia, PA No cost. Students receive a stipend (amount varies). 8weeks Summer Research Program Monmouth University West Long Branch, NJ No cost. Students are paid about $9 per hour. 12 weeks Summer Youth Internship Program Museum of Science Boston, MA No cost. Positions can be paid or unpaid, depending on program. Varies National Space Club Scholars Program National Aeronautics and Space Administration Greenbelt, MD Wallops Island, VA No cost. Students receive a stipend of $2,100. 6 weeks OARDC Research Internships in Wooster ORIP Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center Wooster, OH No cost. Students receive a stipend (amount varies). 10 weeks Apprenticeships in Science and Engineering (ASE) program Saturday Academy Oregon Southwest Washington $250 8 weeks High School Student Research Education Program Scripps Research Institute Jupiter, FL No cost. Students are paid $.50 per hour 8weeks Howard Hughes Medical Institute Program University of Maryland College Park, MD $200 1 week Howard Hughes Medical Institute High School Scholars University of Miami Miami, FL No cost. Some students receive stipends. 7 weeks Internships for High School State University of New York College at Oneonta Cooperstown, NY No cost. Interns receive a stipend of $1,750-$2,000 10 weeks Educational Outreach Program The Forsyth Institute Boston, MA No cost. Students are paid an hourly wage (amount varies) 8 weeks Geosciences Bridge Program University of Maryland Eastern Shore, Living Marine Resources Cooperative Science Center Princess Anne, MD No cost. Students are paid $500 per week. 6 weeks Bioscience Summer Research Program for High School Students University of Utah, Department of Biology Salt Lake City, UT No cost. 8weeks Summer Research Apprentice Program University of Wyoming Laramie, WY Varies depending on program. Varies depending on program. What Are the Pros and Cons of These Programs? These medical programs can be a great experience for many high school students, but they can have some drawbacks. In this section we'll look at the pros and cons of medical programs for high school students. Pros These programs and internships provide a real look atwhat life's like asa researcher, scientist, or medical student. You'll have a great sense of whether or not you'd like to pursue a career in the medical field after you finish your program. If you do a college campus program, you'll geta preview of college life. You can experience living away from home, and you can decide if you like the college. I did a summer program at UCLA during high school, and it made me realize that UCLA was not the school for me. As I said before, these opportunities give you the chance to evaluate if pre-med is the track you want to go down before you wastetime and money in college. If you love your program, you'll be even more motivated towork hard to become a medical professional. You'll meet like-minded students who’re interested in medicine/science. You'll have a great program or internship on your college application. By actually participating in a medical/science program, you'll show colleges that you're committed to pursuing a career in the medicalfield. If you attend a college campus program, and you’re interested in going to college at the school that hostedthe program, you’ll have shown real interest in that college (which admissions officers always like to see). Cons These programs can be expensive (depending on the program you choose,some can cost almost $10,000). However, some programs pay you! Make sure you check out the individual program websites to find out the cost. And like we mentioned before, pay careful attention to housing! Some programs might offer stipends, but they may not cover housing costs. Also, they canbe highly competitive (some admit very few students or have special qualifications such as having a 3.5 GPA or higher). Some may not provide you with the best insight into medicine, especially those that are less hands-on or only offer research exposure (which is not what you’ll necessarily be interested in). Other Options: Hospital Volunteer orShadowing a Doctor Volunteering and job shadowing are both great ways to participate inmedical experiences at your local hospital. You can do themduring the school year or the summer. Also, both opportunities are free! What's the difference between volunteering job shadowing a doctor? As a hospital volunteer, you'll have to apply (and likely interview) to be a volunteer (along with getting a TB test and filling out paperwork). You'll attend a hospital volunteer orientation and be assigned a specific "job" at the hospital (such as assisting the nurses or assisting hospital visitors in navigating the hospital). As a volunteer, you'll be required to commit to volunteering for a certain number of shifts per week. You also may have to commit to volunteering for six months or more. Job shadowing is a shorter experience and much less formal. You can shadow a doctor for as little time as a few hours or a day or two. While shadowing, youfollow adoctor around while theygo about their normal activities. They may ask you to help them with basic tasks (grabbing a chart or taking notes), but probably not. You'll be there to see what a doctor does in their daily routine to determine if it interests you. To sign up to be a hospital volunteer, apply through the hospital's website. If you're having trouble locating the hospital's website or contact information, check with your school academic advisor.They may have a connection to the local hospital or might know another student whohas volunteered or job shadowed there andwho could help you get involved. To find ajob shadowingopportunity, reach out to any friends or family whowork in the medical field. See if they know any doctors whomyou could shadow. Also, ask your school's academic advisor if they know other studentswhoshadowed a doctor andcould give you more information.If your school can’t help you, get in touch with the hospital directly to see if they can help you set up a job shadowing opportunity.If you need more advice onjob shadowing, read our other guide. What Are the Pros and ConsofShadowing a Doctor orBeing a Hospital Volunteer? Shadowing a doctor or being a hospital volunteer is a significantly different experience than participating in a summer medical program, and they have their own set of pros and cons. Pros As opposed to summer programs, these experiences are always free.As I said above, some medicalprograms and internships can cost up to $10,000 (so much!). Job shadowing and being a hospital volunteer arefree experiences that will only cost you your time. These are great options if you can't afford the cost of a summer program. Job shadowing and being a hospital volunteer can provide a real look into life as a doctor or nurse. By following them around or working in a hospital, you'll get a sense of the work environment and what life is like on a day-to-day basis fora medical professional. As I said before, these opportunities give you the chance to evaluate if pre-med is the track you want to go down before you spendtime and money in college. If you don't like your experience job shadowing or as a volunteer, you might realize pre-med isn't the right path for you. However, if you love your experience, you'll feel more motivated to work towards your goal of becoming a medical professional. Job shadowing is a great experience if you don't have a lot of time to commit. You can choose to job shadow for a few hours, a fullday, or for severaldays. It's very flexible. If you want to be pre-med, volunteering at a hospital is a great extracurricular activity for your college application. While volunteering elsewhere (at a homeless shelter, animal shelter, etc.) can be great for a college application, it's goodto keep your extracurriculars focused on your future goals. Volunteering at a hospital will show colleges that you're serious about a career in medicine. Cons Volunteer experience may not provide you with quite the medical experience you're looking for. Volunteering may not be very hands-on, and your duties may be repetitiveand not directly related to medicine,such as answering phones, filing papers, and helping visitors find where they're going. If you only job shadowfor a day, it's not a great experiencefor your college application. It's notan extracurricular activity if you only do it once because that doesn't show enough commitment. However, I recommend doing job shadowing just to get insight into the medical field. Want to build the best possible college application? We can help. PrepScholar Admissions is the world's best admissions consulting service. We combine world-class admissions counselors with our data-driven, proprietary admissions strategies. We've overseen thousands of students get into their top choice schools, from state colleges to the Ivy League. We know what kinds of students colleges want to admit. We want to get you admitted to your dream schools. Learn more about PrepScholar Admissions to maximize your chance of getting in. How to Choose the Right Medical Experience for You Eachof the medical experiences listed in this article hasvalue, but to decide which is right for you, you shouldask yourself three questions: #1: What Is Your Main Medical Interest? Are you more interested in research or patient care?If research, look into one of the summer research programs.If patient care, look into one of the hospital-based programs, job shadowing or being a hospital volunteer. #2: How Much Money Are You Willing to Spend? Do you have money to spend, do you have no money to spend, or do you need to have a job that pays? If you have money to spend, you can consider all of the options.If you have no money to spend, look into an all-expenses paid program (or one with financial aid). Also, consider volunteering or job shadowing since both arefree experiences.If you need a job that pays, look into the programs with stipends for participants. #3: How Much Time Do You Want to Invest in Your Experience? Do you want to spend a day, a few hours per week, or a few weeks full-time on this experience?If you want a quick experience, consider job shadowing a doctor for a day or two.If you’d like an on-going experience to use as an extracurricular, consider volunteering since you could do that a few hours per week throughout the school year.If you’d like an intensive experience, consider doing one of the summer programs or internships. Also, alwaysmake sure toresearch a program or experience before you commit to it. Doing so will help avoid a bad experience (such asa program that's not very hands-on or volunteer work that's mostly grunt work). Whatever you're interested in doing, try to find another student who did it previously and ask them about their experience. For the programs, get in touch with the program coordinator to see if they can put you in contactwith a program alum you can speak with. How Will Colleges View These Experiences? Colleges mainly look for extracurriculars that show your commitment, passion, and ability to handle responsibility and leadership. As I mentioned briefly above, job shadowing isn't a great experience for your college application because it's not enough of a commitment if you only do it for a few days. On the other hand, volunteering at a hospital is a great extracurricular activity for your college application because it shows a commitment to medicine. The summer programs and internships are also great experiences for your college application because they show that same interest in and commitment to medicine. Also, many of these programs and internships are competitive,and colleges know that. If you're accepted into one of those programs or internships, colleges will view it like you won a prestigious award. What’s Next? Doing a medical program is a great step, but what else do you need to do to prepare for med school? Check out our step-by-step guide to preparing for med school as a high school studentand our list of the best books for pre-med students. Also, you should learn about how to write about extracurriculars on college applications. Check out fouramazing examples of extracurriculars forcollege applications. Interested in a BS/MD program? They can be a great way to save some time and get your medical degree sooner. Read our guide on getting into BS/MD programs to learn more. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

European Lion Facts and Figures

European Lion Facts and Figures Panthera leo, the modern lion, included a bewildering array of subspecies in early historical times. At least three of these- Panthera leo europaea, Panthera leo tartarica and Panthera leo fossilis- are referred to collectively as the European Lion; these big cats inhabited a broad swath of western, central and eastern Europe, ranging from the Iberian peninsula to as far east as Greece and the Caucasus. The European Lion probably descended from the same common ancestor as the Asiatic Lion, Panthera leo persica, the still-extant remnants of which can still be found in modern India. Cultural References Tantalizingly, the European Lion is referenced numerous times in classical literature; the Persian king Xerxes reportedly encountered some specimens when he invaded Macedonia in the 5th century B.C.E, and this big cat was almost certainly used by the Romans in gladiatorial combat or to dispose of unfortunate Christians in the first and second centuries A.D. Like other Panthera leo subspecies, the European Lion was hunted to extinction by humans, either for sport or to protect villages and farmland, and disappeared off the face of the earth about 1,000 years ago. The European Lion should not be confused with the Cave Lion, Panthera leo spelaea, which survived in Europe and Asia up to the cusp of the last Ice Age. Facts Historical Epoch Late Pleistocene-Modern (one million-1,000 years ago) Size and Weight Up to four feet high at the shoulder and 400 pounds Distinguishing Characteristics Large size; lack of manes in females

Answer quetions and summarizes Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Answer quetions and summarizes - Assignment Example The primary causes of the financial crisis are as follows: A substitute to the surge in the housing bubble was cited to be the global financial imbalances. It was clear that from the time of Bretton-Wood agreement of the year 1944, the United of America and Europe has governed the global financial market. When the Asian financial crisis developed due to lack of intervention by the global financial organizations such as the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund, they had no effective and efficient access to credit that could draw them out of the crisis. The Asian countries opted for stabilizing their currency by increasing the amount of foreign reserve they own. Through this method, they invested in the United States thus increasing the distribution of credits facilitating the mortgage crisis that happened in the United States. The glass-steagall act was one of the greatest post depression elements of administrations, investment banks, and dividing commercial banks. This act did not repeal a paramount section that delineates the functions of investment banks and commercial banks. This resulted to a series of occurrences where the commercial banks were involved in very risky investments. Analysis indicates that most of the damage within the financial crisis was facilitated by the pure investment banks but the repeal made the financial crisis more terrible. When this act was implemented, it created room for the various investment banks to create many different financial instruments. This act had two implications in the financial sector. The first was a raise in the supremacy of the Federal Reserve above the monetary marketplace and the second one was eliminating the administration obligatory interest rate maximum in deposits. There was facilitation of the surge demand for mortgages that reduced transparency in the financial sector. There was a decline in the quality of loans creating mortgages of low quality thus a closure for the commercial and

Remaining Competetive Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Remaining Competetive - Research Paper Example This requires a critical evaluation of the existing factors and how firm can actually improve them to achieve its cost reduction objectives. Further, it is also critical to consider whether the firm can improve upon its efforts of innovation and become more creative in designing its basic products and delivering them through successful marketing initiatives. Effectively delivering mass customization is also another consideration. (Lihra, Buehlmann, & Beauregard, 2008) In order to remain competitive within this industry, it is important to remain innovative and creative. Since the industry thrives upon how quickly and effectively a firm can actually develop consumer friendly designs therefore are important. Firm can easily compete in this industry because it has a dedicate team of designers which deliver excellent designs. In order to make them more innovative, it is important to impart more knowledge and training to the designers. Further, the firm access to technology which can help it to reduce the cost and improve its total output level. One of the key primary factors is the fact that the firm has been considered as one of the premium suppliers of the furniture in the market. Being featured in top magazines provides it one of the strongest brand images in the market and market acceptability at the global level. Further, it is also important to note that the firm has high quality designers which can continue to provide innovative products in the market. Effective presence in local communities as well as label of premium brand is two important things which are positive factors for the firm. Though the market may be shrinking and dependent on other factors however, the firm’s own position in the market which provides it an edge over others in the market. Community involvement is also the main factor which can improve the overall corporate social responsibility image of

The Factors Influencing Strategy Implementation Management Essay

The Factors Influencing Strategy Implementation Management Essay The aim of this module is to produce a 4000 word research proposal that would be capable for supporting the preparation of a Masters dissertation. The project report would include an introduction including a title, which would highlight the content of this business document providing a background, informing the reader of the problem / issue at hand and the context of the situation that would be discussed. The research issue would be provided highlighting the importance of the issue in todays ever-changing and competitive, cut-throat business environment. Adequate linkages would be provided to co-relate the research aims, research objectives, research questions and the hypothesis as such generated. A coherent and critical literature review would follow demonstrating the knowledge of the literature available and linking it to the situation which would be investigated. A research design and methodology would be adopted to investigate the concerned issue providing a rationale as to how the research objectives are to be accomplished explaining the selection of the research paradigm. The research design would include the methods of data capture, the data access issues, the analysis and the interpretation means that would be used to assess the situation and appropriate reasons would be provided for the choice of research tools used. Relevant ethical issues underpinning the research objectives would also be discussed along-with the resources required to complete the research proposal. The last part of this management report would include a timetable that would provide the time that it took to complete each part of the research proposal along-with a list of references utilized to complete the report. INTRODUCTION TITLE: FACTORS INFLUENCING STRATEGY IMPLEMENTATION BACKGROUND The title of this research proposal is factors influencing strategy implementation. Before we discuss the issue and highlight the importance of the issue in the context of the report it is of prime importance to understand the concept of strategy implementation itself. It is the process by which the business strategy formulated is put into action. It includes the design and management of organizational systems to achieve the best integration of people and structure, allocating resources, managing human resources and developing information and decision processes to achieve organizational objectives. Pierce and Robinson  note that to effectively direct and control the use of the firms resources, mechanisms such as organizational structure, information systems, leadership styles, assignment of key managers, budgeting, rewards, and control systems are essential strategy implementation ingredients. After the creative and analytical aspects of the corporate strategy have been formulated the priority of the management is to convert the strategy into operationally effective action. A strategy is never complete, until it gains a commitment of the firms resources and becomes embodied in its organizational structure. Strategy implementation is an iterative process of implementing strategies, policies, programs and action plans that allows a firm to utilize its resources to take advantage of opportunities in the competitive environment (Harrington, 2006). There is no one definition of strategy implementation as seen from the above citations but for the purpose of this report, taking into consideration the definitions above we can define strategy implementation as an iterative, dynamic and a complex process, which comprises of series of decisions and activities by the management and the administration those affected by many interrelated internal and external factors, to turn strategic plans into reality in order to achieve the objectives of the firm. RATIONALE FOR THE STUDY This part of the report would highlight the aim and the objectives of the research, discussing the issue chosen and its importance by proposing a research question and providing an answer to it in the literature review. Many studies have acknowledged that business strategies often fail not because of inadequate strategy formulation, but because of an inappropriate implementation strategy. This report would study the factors that enable or impede effective strategy implementation. This report would highlight how strategy implementation has been researched so far and how this field may be moved forward so as to help in effective execution of a business strategy. As a result of the literature review undertaken, the report has found nine critical factors for strategy implementation that will be discussed further in the literature. Formulation of an effective strategy, making the strategy work and implementing it throughout the company is a difficult task (Hrebiniak, 2006). Many factors potentially affect the process by which strategic plans are turned into organizational action. Unlike strategy formulation, strategy implementation is more of a craft, rather than a science. After successful formulation of the business strategy, difficulties usually arise during the subsequent implementation process. If the business strategy formulated is not applied correctly to all the aspects of the organisational structure the business model would fail, thus harming the organisation in many aspects, the major being the financial capability of the firm, which would take a huge blow. It is of prime importance to get the implementation right otherwise there would be huge losses for the firm. Noble (1999b) notes, the best-formulated strategies may fail to produce superior performance for the firm if they are not successfully implemented. This issue is of utmost importance in todays day and age because of the cut-throat competition in the ever-changing business world where each firm needs to keep re-modelling their policies and procedures to keep up with the change in the external and internal business environment. There are combination of issues that influence the success of strategy implementation, ranging from the people who communicate or implement the strategy to the systems or mechanisms in place for co-ordination and control. How can we better understand these issues and their importance for successful strategy implementation? In this report we try to respond to this question by the critical analysis of the existing research on the factors that influence strategy implementation. An analysis has been conducted of the most widely used literature databases to identify key factors influencing the process of strategy implementation, to surface current areas of agreement and disagreement on the topic. LITERATURE REVIEW In the following section, the report would review the study sources and assess their research context, theoretical bases, their main results and the research methods used as well as the analytical techniques which are employed for the study. The examined organizational levels and organizational types are the two elements of the research context. The core of the literature review, would concentrate on the nine factors identified through rigorous analysis of the study sources, that play a role in influencing strategy implementation success, as well as the frameworks or models that aggregate or relate the relevant factors to each other. This is followed by the discussion of the theoretical bases of the reviewed studies. Finally, the research methods and analytical techniques adopted will be reviewed to see which methods are still underutilized in the context of strategy implementation. By carrying out a literature review of the existing studies, the report found two types of strategy implementation studies: one that highlight the importance of the individual factors for strategy implementation and the second that emphasize the big pictureà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¸ of how the single factors interrelate and form a strategic implementation environment. The research would highlight nine recurring, individual factors that influence strategy implementation. They are namely the strategy formulation process, the strategy executors (managers, employees), the organizational structure, the communication activities, the level of commitment for the strategy, the consensus regarding the strategy, the relationships among different units/departments and different strategy levels, the employed implementation tactics, and the administrative system in place. THE NINE FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE STARTEGY IMPLEMENTATION 1. Strategy Formulation If the corporate strategy drafted by the business is a poor or a vague strategy, then it can limit the implementation efforts dramatically. Good execution cannot overcome the shortcomings of a bad strategy or a poor strategic planning effort (Hrebiniak, 2006). Several studies mention the fact that the kind of strategy that is developed (Alexander, 1985; Allio, 2005) and the actual process of strategy formulation, namely, how a strategy is developed (KimMauborgne, 1993; Singh, 1998) will influence the effect of implementation. Alexander (1985) believes that the need to start with a formulated strategy that involves a good idea or concept is the most crucial and critical factor which helps promoting its successful implementation. As Allio notes, good implementation naturally starts with good strategic input: the soup is only as good as the ingredients (Allio, 2005). 2. Relationships among different departments and different strategy levels Many studies in the concerned field have stressed that the institutional relationships among different units/departments and different strategy levels play a major role in the outcome of strategy implementation (Walker Ruekert, 1987; Gupta, 1987; Slater Olson, 2001; Chimhanzi, 2004; Chimhanzi Morgan, 2005). Walker Ruekert note that marketing policies, inter-functional structures and processes, corporate-business unit relationships and processes are a major influence on business strategy implementation. In addition, allocation of resources, functional competencies, inter-functional conflict, decision-making participation and influence, and coordination also have different effects on the implementation of various kinds of business strategies. Implementation effectiveness is negatively affected by conflict and positively affected by interpersonal communication and not written. Such interdepartmental dynamics are affected by senior management support informal integration and joint re ward systems. Other relationships that have received attention to a lesser extent include finance, manufacturing, engineering, quality, marketing, accounting, and sales. 3. Executors Executors comprise the top management, middle management, lower management and non-management. Effectiveness of strategy implementation is, at least in part, affected by the quality of people involved in the process (Govindarajan, 1989). The quality refers to the capabilities, experience, skills, attitudes, and other characteristics of people required by a specific position (Peng Litteljohn, 2001). Findings indicate that strategy implementation effectiveness, critically depends on the human or people side of project management, and less on organization and systems related factors. Top management refers to the senior-level leaders including presidents, owners, and other high ranking executives (CEO, CFO, COO etc.) and senior-level managers. Hrebiniak and Snow (1982) report that the level of interaction and participation among the top management team typically leads to greater commitment to the firms goals and strategies. This, in turn ensures the successful implementation of the strategy. Gupta and Govindarajan (1984) note that greater the marketing and sales experience of middle managers, the greater would be their willingness to take risk and successfully implement the strategy. Heracleous (2000) also finds that if middle management do not agree with the strategy, or do not feel that they have the skill set to implement it, then they would sabotage its implementation. Middle managers expect the direction from the top management but frequently feel that they are in a better position to start and evaluate alternative courses of action. Also, the lack of shared knowledge with lower-level management and non-management employees would create a barrier to successful strategy implementation. 4. Communication Many researchers have emphasized the importance of adequate communication channels for the process of strategy implementation. Alexander (1985) notes that communication is mentioned more frequently than any other single item that promotes successful strategy implementation. Communication includes explaining what new responsibilities, tasks, and duties need to be performed by the employees in order to implement the strategy. It answers the why behind the changed job activities, and explains the reasons why the new strategic decision was made. Rapert and Wren (1998) find that organizations where employees have easy access to management through open and supportive communication channels outperform those with more restrictive communication environments. Effective communication is a fundamental requirement for any effective strategy implementation. Organizational communication plays an important role in training, knowledge acquisition and applied learning during the process of implementation. In fact, communication is vital in every aspect of strategy implementation, as it relates in to the organizational context, organizing processes and the implementation objectives. 5. Implementation Tactics Nutt (1986) stipulates four types of implementation tactics used by managers in making planned changes: intervention, participation, persuasion, and edict. Intervention refers to strategy adjustments made during the implementation stage by introducing new practices and norms. Participation includes formulating strategic goals and nominating a task force that can develop and propose the corresponding implementation options. Persuasion is the tactic which uses involved parties to convince the employees about the desired course of actions. The issuing of directives is the main focus of the implementation tactic edict. Lehner (2004) considers the implementation tactics as genuine organizational behaviour based on the assumption that implementation in general is dependent on the environment, and various strategic and corporate variables. 6. Consensus Nielsen (1983) notes that firms must achieve consensus both within and outside their organization in order to successfully implement business strategies. The consensus about a firms strategy may differ across the operation channels within the company. If the employees of the company are not on the same information level or if information passes through many layers in the organization, a lower level of consensus would result. This lack of shared understanding may create obstacles to successful strategy implementation.(Noble, 1999b). Floyd and Wooldridge (1992a) label the gulf between strategies conceived by top management and awareness at lower levels as implementation gap. Strategic consensus is the agreement between the top, middle, and lower-level managers on the fundamental policies of the organization. Strategic decisions are initiated by a team of top managers and then mandated to the rest of the organization, overlooking the importance of securing consensus with and commitment to the organizational strategy with the lower level employees, which is a big barrier for effective strategy implementation. 7. Commitment Strategy implementation process may fail if the strategy does not achieve support and commitment by the majority of employees and the middle management. Shared understanding without commitment would result in counter effort and may negatively affect the organisational performance. The understanding between middle management and those at the operational level to that of the top management teams strategic goals is of prime importance to successful implementation. Noble Mokwa (1999) have put forward three dimensions of commitment that are central factors which directly influence strategic outcomes: organizational commitment, strategy commitment and role commitment. Organizational commitment is the extent to which a manager identifies with and works toward organization-related goals and values. Strategy commitment is the extent to which a manager comprehends and supports the goals and objectives of an implementation strategy. Role commitment is the extent to which a manager is determine d to perform his individual implementation responsibilities, regardless of his personal beliefs about the overall strategy. 8. Organisational Structure The type of strategy adopted could differ in many ways and have different requirements regarding an adequate organizational structure. Factors relating to the organizational structure are the second most important implementation barrier according to Heide Grà ¸nhaug Johannessens (2002) study. Drazin and Howard (1984) stipulate that a proper alignment of the strategy with the organisational structure is an important pre-requisite for successful implementation of a corporate business strategy (Noble, 1999b). They note that changes in the competitive environment require adjustments to the organizational structure. If an organisations realignment strategies are lacking, it may exhibit poor performance and be at a major competitive disadvantage. 9. Administrative Systems Roth, Schweiger Morrison (1991) study suggests that organisational business units make use of three administrative mechanisms which are formalization, integrating mechanisms, and centralization, to create operational capabilities of configuration, managerial philosophy and coordination, to support business strategy implementation. Some researchers have also focused on the control systems which are one of important ingredients of administrative systems (Drazin Howard, 1984; Nilsson Rapp, 1999). Drazin and Howard (1984) discuss about the role of formal control system in the process of strategy implementation, and suggest that the fluidity of control system contribute to strategy implementation (Noble, 1999b). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY This part of the project report would focus on the research design and methodology adopted to carry out the research of the issue chosen which is the factors influencing strategy implementation. The following literature would highlight the components of the research paradigm chosen to accomplish the study. This section of the project report would provide a detailed rationale on how the study would achieve the research objective put forth in the title. This part would explain the methods of data capture used and the issues which would arise in gathering the required information along with the analysis and the interpretation techniques employed to achieve the research aim. Limitations would be included in the following report to make the reader aware of the shortcomings of the chosen methodology; the relevant ethical issues would also be discussed in the proposed research design along-with the resources required to complete the proposed research. The choice for the research methodology adopted is in congruence with the strategic issue chosen for the research proposal. The selection criteria to choose articles for inclusion in the research analysis: The articles which contain the keywords strategy implementation or strategy execution have been included in the literature .From this; further articles were identified using the references sections of the previously retrieved articles. In this way, the report also includes the articles which treat strategy implementation as one of the major subjects even if their title or keywords did not include the terms strategy implementation or strategy execution. As a final selection criterion it was checked whether the articles explicitly discuss factors impeding or enabling strategy implementation success. Data Collection Secondary Sources In order to identify the factors that enable or impede effective strategy implementation, the report has analysed relevant academic, peer reviewed journals such as the Strategic Management Journal, the Academy of Management Journal, the Journal of Management Studies, Long Range Planning, Journal of Management, Academy of Management Executive, Human Relations, Sloan Management Review, Journal of Marketing, etc. using the literature databases of EBSCO Host, ProQuest ABI, Science Direct, JSTOR and Wiley Interscience. Information has also been sourced from Google Scholar and books, newspapers, trade journals, industry portals, government agencies, trade associations, monitoring industry news and developments. The research data would be collected in different organisations or units of an organisation. The organisations were mainly professional service organisations, from both public and private sector. For example, finance, insurance and telecommunications companies, and government departments would be included. The size of the units under study would be 100 to 500 employees. The study would be qualitative in nature, main research method being semi-structured interviews. Primary Sources and Sampling In each organisation or unit, representatives would form three groups, namely the top management, middle management, and lower level personnel, would be interviewed using the questionnaire provided below. Altogether twenty-five interviewees per organisation would be randomly chosen: 2-5 persons representing the top management level, 4-13 persons the middle management level, and 8-17 persons from the lower level personnel. The interviewees would be chosen randomly, ensuring however that different tasks, work groups, and departments were represented equitably. The general topic of the interviews would be strategy implementation. During the interviews, the interviewees would fill out questionnaires, in which they would evaluate the various problem statements. The questionnaire has been given below: Q1. How do you define the concept of strategy implementation? Q2. What kind of issues would you associate strategy implementation with? Q3. How do you participate in the strategy implementation process? Q4. How are the policies pertaining to strategy implementation communicated within the different levels of the organization? Q5. Describe your own role in the process of strategy implementation. Q6. Evaluate the degree of the strategy implementation problems in your organisation. Data Access Issues Some data access issues might arise in the research journey, which could be the unwillingness of the employees to participate in the planned interviews hampering the information gathering capabilities of the subsequent research report along-with lack of co-operation from concerned companies which might not give permission to carry out interviews with its employees fearing a possible leak of its corporate strategy to its competitors. Also finances required for the successful completion of the information gathering process might not be adequate. Data Analysis The results of the questionnaires would be assessed, as well as the comments of the interviewees for the statements would be analysed. The main data analysis method employed would be content analysis of the interviews. The transcribed interviews would be coded accordingly to the central issues of the research. The analysis method would include historical trend analysis and linear regression analysis using software tools, judgmental forecasting, and conjoint analysis. Limitations of the Research Design The approach in conducting the literature review has shortcomings which should be acknowledged. The following are the limitations in the methodology adopted. Collection of articles has been carried out by relying on the databases of EBSCO Host, Science Direct, JSTOR, Wiley Inter Science and ProQuest ABI and the report thus may have overlooked some critical viewpoints on strategy implementation included in monographs or specialists books. Some selective articles in the review, however, rely heavily on concepts from advanced books on corporate strategy thus making up for the shortcoming to a certain extent. The articles have been located using the keywords strategy implementation and strategy execution. This procedure of gathering articles may omit some important articles. The report also excludes some very specific strategy implementation contexts, such as post-merger integration implementation. The research has discovered that most of the conducted studies in the subject focus on the influence of middle managers on strategy implementation. There is no special research relating to lower management and non-management, even if several authors have stated that it is important to consider their effects on strategy implementation as well. Another major research challenge incudes, a lack of understanding between the relationships among the nine reviewed factors, for example, there are major disagreements about the relationship between the variables of communication, commitment and consensus which the report fails to highlight. Also a limiting factor is that there are very few studies that systematically examine how different organizational units and strategy levels can influence strategy implementation, which the report has not included. Strategy implementation involves many theories including agency theory, social learning theory, expectancy theory, organization theory and social system theory. Because of the limited word count it was not feasible to include such theories in the text presented which is also a shortcoming. The lists of journal articles selected are not comprehensive enough, as many other issues could potentially affect strategy implementation. Such other factors, however, are less mentioned or not analysed in-depth, as many of them are also hard to control and modify. Research Ethics For research to be carried out successfully there are many ethical issues that need to be taken into consideration. It is very important to secure the permission and interests of all the people involved in the study. The people involved would be given assurance that any information obtained during the interview process would not be misused as this is the moral responsibility which would be maintained towards the participants. It is the duty of this research to protect the rights of the participants of the study as well as their privacy and sensitivity. The confidentiality of those involved in the observation would be maintained at all times, keeping their anonymity and privacy secure. Resources required for effective research The resources required to carry out the proposed research would require the support and co-operation of the supervisor in charge so as to provide guidance for submitting an effective research analysis report. Also would require permission from the industries chosen for the study of the research issue and the co-operation of its employees for conducting interviews. Adequate financial support would also be required to assist in the completion of the proposed research analysis report to cover the cost of commuting and resultant transportation fares. TIMETABLE TASK SELECTION OF INDUSTRIES FOR RESEARCH FOCUS DAYS 1-5 6-10 10-15 16-20 21-25 25-30 LITERATURE REVIEW/ CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF SECONDARY SOURCES OF DATA INTERVIEWING PROCESS INDEPTH STUDY OF VARIOUS SOURCES ASSESSING RESOURCE FOR CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK COLLECTION OF SECONDARY SOURCES OF DATA DEVELOPMENT OF RATIONALE FOR STUDY FINALLY FORMULATED RESEAERCH PROPOSAL REFRENCES Saunders, M., P. Lewis and A. Thornhill (2007) Research methods for business students, Harlow: FT, Prentice Hall (4th ed.) Blumberg, B., D.R.Cooper and Pamela S. Schindler (2008), Business Research Methods, London: McGraw Hill (second ed.) Wilson, J. 2010, Essentials of Business Research A Guide To Doing Your Research Project London: Sage Allio, M.K. (2005). A Short, Practical Guide to Implementing Strategy. Journal of Business Strategy, 26, 12-21. Beer, M., and Eisenstat, R.A(2000). The Silent Killers of Strategy Implementation and Learning Sloan Management Review, Summer, 29-42. Bourgeois à Ã‚ ¨, L. J., and Brodwin D.R. (1984). Strategic Implementation: Five Approaches to an Elusive Phenomenon. Strategic Management Journal, 5, 241-264 Govindarajan,V., and Fisher.J. (1990). Strategy, Control systems, and resource sharing: effects on business-Unit Performance. Academy of Management Journal, 33, 259-285. Heracleous, L. (2000). The Role of Strategy Implementation in Organization Development Organization Development Journal, 18, 75-86. Higgins, J.M. (2005). The Eight à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¾Sà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¸s of Successful Strategy Execution. Journal of Change Management, 5, 3-13. Lehner, J. (2004). Strategy Implementation Tactics as Response to Organizational, Strategic, and Environmental Imperatives. Management Revue, 15, 460-480 Noble, C.H. (1999a). Building the Strategy Implementation Network. Business Horizons, 19-27. Nutt, P.C. (1986). Tactics of Implementation. Academy of Management Journal. 29, 230-261. Nutt, P.C. (1989). Selecting Tactics to Implement Strategic Plans. Strategic Management